Olympics

Olympics is an international multi sport event which is divided into summer and winter sporting events. But the summer and winter games are held in every four years. The program of Olympic sports are generally consists of 53 disciplines, 35 different sports and more than 400 events.

Winter Olympic games are basically included only 7 sports with 15 disciplines as well as the summer Olympic sports are include 28 sports with 38 disciplines. The original Olympic programme in 1896 includes the nine sports such as weightlifting, swimming, tennis, shooting, wrestling, fencing, cycling, gymnastics and athletics.

The flag of Olympic games has divided into five different interlocking rings on a white ground that is black, blue, green, yellow and red. These five colors of the interlocking rings are represent the five parts of the world that were joined together in the Olympic movement. The five parts of the world are Asia, Australia, Africa, America and Europe.

The flag of Olympic game was first used in the 1920 Olympic games in Antwerp, Belgium. The symbols of the Olympic games are the icons, flags and symbols which are used by the international Olympic committee to permute the Olympic movement. Some such as the flame, fanfare and theme are the prevalent during the Olympic competition. But the others such as a flag can be seen through out the year.

Numbers of organizations are involved in the Olympic games. Three groups of organizations are operate on a specialized area. All of these three groups are mentioned below:

First one is International Federations which is governing the bodies of a sport. Second one is National Olympic committees, are regulate the Olympic movement within each country and the third one is organizing committees for the Olympic games.

Events

Multi-sport event is a competition in which athletes complete in a number of different sports. The first multi-sport event organized were the Olympic games which is organized by the international Olympic committee for the first time in 1896. There are number of sports but initially only a few is still growing. Well the Olympic games is also an international sporting event.

At the beginning of 20th century, another multi-sport event, the Nordic games were first held. These games were held in Scandinavia and the sports was generally conducted on winter sports like speed skating and country skiing. But the Olympic games are one of the largest multi sport event in the world.

Nordic games were one of the first international muti sport event that is focused on winter sports. It was organized by the Sweden's central association for the permotion of sports and it was held at varying intervals between 1901 and 1926.

Nordic games are include some of the sports events such as ice-hockey, skeleton, curling and ski-jumping.But some non-winter sports were included only swimming and fencing. Sporting events are basically included many types of games like commonwealth games, Olympic games and the Asian games and it is comprise in different sports like baseball, boxing, basketball, swimming and many more popular sports.

The broadcasting of the sports events are the coverage of sports on radio and television. Sports journalism is the main form of journalism that reports the events and topics and it is an essential element of any news media organization. Access for the sports journalist is easier for the professional sports such as baseball, basketball, ice hockey, football and American football.

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Basketball

Basketball is the game of five players between the two teams. Each player try to score the highest point. In this game, the players are throwing a ball through the 10 feet of high hoop under the some organized rules and it is the most popular sports in the world. Generally the games are played in four quarters of 10 (international) and 12 minutes (NBA). But the college games are used the two twenty minutes halves while the high school games used the eight minutes quarter.

Bottom of the basket was cut open to allow the ball to fall through in 1914, there by eliminating the need to poke out the ball every time when the goal was scored. There is also a one line which is called the arc. Today's the basketball is one of the most popular sport and the most entertainment part of the game in the Philippines, and it is widely reputed to be the national sport of the Philippines.

It was invented by Dr James Naismith in 1891 at the Springfield college in Massachusetts. This game is based on the one or two umpires or the referee and the table officials. The table officials are responsible for each teams scoring.

In the basketball, most of the courts are made of wood. The conditions and rules of the basketball are:
The ball may be batted and thrown in any condition with the one or both hands.
Arms and body must not be used for holding the ball.
The ball must be held by the hands.
The umpire shall be judge of the men and shall note the fouls while the referee shall be the judge of the ball and shall decide weather the ball is inbounds, in play and shall keep the time
A goal shall be made in that case when the ball is batted or thrown from the grounds into the basket.
If the ball goes over the backboard and hits the top or side of the backboard, then the ball is out of play.

Baseball

Baseball is a bat and ball sport which is contested by a two teams and it is usually of nine players each. Players on one team take the turns into hitting them while the other team members tried to stop the running scores. The goal of a game is scoring more and more points which is called the runs. If you are interested to play the baseball game, then you need a helmet, a ball, bat, a baseball field, catcher's gear if you are a catcher and a uniform.

In the baseball, there are four basic tools such as the mitt, the field, the bat and the ball.

The bat in baseball is an offensive tool which is made up of wood and aluminum, but it is depending on the game being played. It is a long hard stick, which is about 2 inches in the diameter. The ball is about the size of the fist and white with red lacing. The game is played on a field, whose dimensions are depending on the age of the players.

In this game there are four empires up to six may be officiate which is depending on the league and the importance of the game.. The playing field is basically divided into three sections such as the infield which is containing four bases, for the defensive purposes and bounded by the four lines, the outfield is the grassed type of area which is beyond the infield grass line between the foul lines and the foul territory is an entire area from the outside foul lines.

The field is divided into four basis numbered counter-clockwise, first, second and third bases are cushions shaped as 15 in squares and the fourth base they form a square with sides of 90 feet.

Baseball became an Olympic sport in the 1992. In this game the Babe Ruth was one of the greatest baseball players of all the time.

Football

Football is the game which is played on the rectangular grass. It is played with the ball. In this game, the goalkeeper is the only player who allowed to use their hands and arms to propel the ball. The main purpose of the game is to score by manoeuvring the ball into the opposing goal and the remaining members of the goalkeeper are use their feet to kick the ball into a position. The team that scores the most goals by the end of the match wins.

The width of the fields for the non-international matches is in the range of 50-100 yards and the length is in the range of 100-130 yards. The international adult matches may be 64-75 meters in width and the 100-110 meters in length. In the front of each goal, there is also a one area for the penalty.

Football game has been established with the team sport and it is played by two teams of 11 players. It is one of the most popular game in the world. In this game, the points are scored in a variety of ways, by throwing the ball to another player, including carrying the ball over the goal line or kicking the ball through the goal posts on the opposing side.

The main object of the game is to score a point by just clicking the ball into the goal of the other team. There is also a one referee and the two assistant referees.

The basic equipment for the players are required to wear a footwear, shorts, socks, shirt and adequate shin guards. But the goalkeeper must wear the clothing for the easily distinguishable from that worn by the other players and the match officials.

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Badminton

Badminton is a sport which is played with the racquet between two opposite players or two opposite pairs. These two opposite players and pairs take the position on opposite sides of the rectangular and it is divided by a net. All players are score the points by just striking the shuttlecock with their racquet so that it passes over the net and land in their opponents half of the court. The name of shuttlecock is the shortened to shuttle.

Badminton is an Olympic sport and it is divided into five disciplines: men's and women's singles, men's and women's doubles and mixed doubles, in which each pair is man's and woman's. The first badminton club in the world, Bath Badminton club 1877, which transcribed the rules of badminton for the first time. In 1893, the badminton of England association is established the proper set of rules of badminton.

The full width of the badminton court is 6.1 meters and the full length is 13.4. But the width of badminton in single is reduced to 5.18 meters. Generally the net is high, at the edges of 1.55 meters and high in the center of 1.524 meters.In order to play the badminton you need the shots, a net, racket, shuttlecock, short sleeve shirt.

In this game the court is fixed in two by the net. If you want to score the points, then you just hit the ball over the net to the opponent's side and the shuttle cannot be out of the markings on the ground. But the most common goals are happen in that case when the shuttlecock hits the athlete, the shuttlecock is hits the twice, the player the net or his or her racket does and the shuttlecock hits the ground before it goes over the net.

Tennis

Tennis is a game of two players and between two players of two team. Along with its millions of players and millions of people follow the tennis as a spectator sport. It is played at all levels of society as well as by all ages in many countries around the world. Now the tennis is the Olympic sport.

The tennis match is the composed of sets and the set is basically consists of a number of games which turn in the consist of points. To play the tennis first of all you need a racket, ball, net. The main purpose of this game is simply to hit the ball on the ground of the opponent's side of the court.

It is played on a rectangular court of a grass and a flat surface area. The court for single matches is 78 feet (23.77 m) long and its width is 27 feet. The net is high at the 3 feet in the center and 3 feet 6 inches high at the posts. Net is also divided it into two equal ends as well as it is parallel with the base lines also. The court for double matches is 36 feet (10.97 m).

The lines that delineate the width of the court are known as the service line as well as the baseline. In the center of each baseline the short mark is appeared which is referred to as the hash mark or the center mark. These types of boundaries are used when the doubles is being played. There are three types of court surfaces such as:

Grass

Clay

Hard

Cricket

Cricket is a game of two teams between eleven players. It is played with the bat and ball as well as it is divided into six overs. Cricket game is established with the team sport. It is the most popular sport in the world.

In the cricket, there are three types of bawlers like fast bawlers, spin bawlers and medium pace bawler. The ball has bounces only one time before reaching the batsman. In the sport of cricket, the bawling is like a action of propelling the ball towards the wicket defended by a batsman. It is played on the grass field and roughly in the oval shape.

All batsman plays the ball with the wooden type of cricket bat and the remaining members of the bawler's team stand with the different positions. In this game if the batsman not out, then they run between the wickets and exchanging ends with the second batsman.

Two-on fields umpires preside over a match. One empire stands on the behind of the bawler's wicket and the other one stands with a side view of the batsman.

The cricket field consists of the large oval shaped with the grassy ground. Its diameter is usually between 450 feet to 500 feet. The parameter of the field is known as boundary and the boundary is marked with the painted line or with a rope.

The main purpose of the bawler's team is to get the each batsman out and the purpose of the batting team is to score as many runs.

Physical art

Gymnastics

Sports have many affinities with art. Ice skating and Tai chi, and Dancesport for example, are sports that come close to artistic spectacles in themselves. Similarly, there are other activities that have elements of sport and art in their execution, such as artistic gymnastics, Bodybuilding, Free running, performance art, professional wrestling, Yoga, bossaball, dressage, culinary arts, marching band, drum corps, etc. Perhaps the best example is Bull-fighting, which in Spain is reported in the arts pages of newspapers. The fact that art is so close to sports in some situations is probably related to the nature of sports. The definition of "sports" above put forward the idea of an activity pursued not just for the usual purposes, for example, running not simply to get places, but running for its own sake, running as well as we can.

This is similar to a common view of aesthetic value, which is seen as something over and above the strictly functional value coming from an object's normal use. So an aesthetically pleasing car is one which doesn't just get from A to B, but which impresses us with its grace, poise, and charisma.

In the same way, a sporting performance such as jumping doesn't just impress us as being an effective way to avoid obstacles or to get across streams. It impresses us because of the ability, skill, and style which is shown.

Art and sports were probably more clearly linked at the time of Ancient Greece, when gymnastics and calisthenics invoked admiration and aesthetic appreciation for the physical build, prowess and 'arete' displayed by participants. The modern term 'art' as skill, is related to this ancient Greek term 'arete'. The closeness of art and sport in these times was revealed by the nature of the Olympic Games which, as we have seen, were celebrations of both sporting and artistic achievements, poetry, sculpture and architecture.

Technology

Golf, which is debatably a sport, where moving has a much lesser part than dexterity.

Technology has an important role in sports, whether applied to an athlete's health, the athlete's technique, or equipment's characteristics.

Equipment As sports have grown more competitive, the need for better equipment has arisen. Golf clubs, football helmets, baseball bats, soccer balls, hockey skates, and other equipment have all seen considerable changes when new technologies have been applied.

Health Ranging from nutrition to the treatment of injuries, as the knowledge of the human body has deepened over time, an athlete's potential has been increased. Athletes are now able to play to an older age, recover more quickly from injuries, and train more effectively than previous generations of athletes.

Instruction Advancing technology created new opportunities for research into sports. It is now possible to analyse aspects of sports that were previously out of the reach of comprehension. Being able to use motion capture to capture an athlete's movement, or advanced computer simulations to model physical scenarios has greatly increased an athlete's ability to understand what they are doing and how they can improve themselves.

Terminology

Show Jumping, an equestrian sport.

In British English, sporting activities are commonly denoted by the collective noun "sport". In American English, "sports" is more used. In all English dialects, "sports" is the term used for more than one specific sport. For example, "football and swimming are my favourite sports", would sound natural to all English speakers, whereas "I enjoy sport" would sound less natural than "I enjoy sports" to North Americans.

The term "sport" is sometimes extended to encompass all competitive activities, regardless of the level of physical activity. Both games of skill and motor sport exhibit many of the characteristics of physical sports, such as skill, sportsmanship, and at the highest levels, even professional sponsorship associated with physical sports. Air sports, billiards, bridge, chess, motorcycle racing, and powerboating are all recognized as sports by the International Olympic Committee with their world governing bodies represented in the Association of the IOC Recognised International Sports Federations.

Physical art

Gymnastics

Sports have many affinities with art. Ice skating and Tai chi, and Dancesport for example, are sports that come close to artistic spectacles in themselves. Similarly, there are other activities that have elements of sport and art in their execution, such as artistic gymnastics, Bodybuilding, Free running, performance art, professional wrestling, Yoga, bossaball, dressage, culinary arts, marching band, drum corps, etc. Perhaps the best example is Bull-fighting, which in Spain is reported in the arts pages of newspapers. The fact that art is so close to sports in some situations is probably related to the nature of sports. The definition of "sports" above put forward the idea of an activity pursued not just for the usual purposes, for example, running not simply to get places, but running for its own sake, running as well as we can.

This is similar to a common view of aesthetic value, which is seen as something over and above the strictly functional value coming from an object's normal use. So an aesthetically pleasing car is one which doesn't just get from A to B, but which impresses us with its grace, poise, and charisma.

In the same way, a sporting performance such as jumping doesn't just impress us as being an effective way to avoid obstacles or to get across streams. It impresses us because of the ability, skill, and style which is shown.

Art and sports were probably more clearly linked at the time of Ancient Greece, when gymnastics and calisthenics invoked admiration and aesthetic appreciation for the physical build, prowess and 'arete' displayed by participants. The modern term 'art' as skill, is related to this ancient Greek term 'arete'. The closeness of art and sport in these times was revealed by the nature of the Olympic Games which, as we have seen, were celebrations of both sporting and artistic achievements, poetry, sculpture and architecture.

Politics

At times, sports and politics can have a large amount of influence on each other.

When apartheid was the official policy in South Africa, many sports people, particularly in rugby union, adopted the conscientious approach that they should not appear in competitive sports there. Some feel this was an effective contribution to the eventual demolition of the policy of apartheid, others feel that it may have prolonged and reinforced its worst effects.

The 1936 Summer Olympics held in Berlin was an illustration, perhaps best recognised in retrospect, where an ideology was developing which used the event to strengthen its spread through propaganda.

In modern sport motorization has appeared.

In the history of Ireland, Gaelic sports were connected with cultural nationalism. Until the mid 20th century a person could have been banned from playing Gaelic football, hurling, or other sports administered by the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) if she/he played or supported association football, or other games seen to be of British origin. Until recently the GAA continued to ban the playing of soccer and rugby union at Gaelic venues. This ban is still enforced, but has been modified to allow football and rugby be played in Croke Park while Lansdowne Road (both in Dublin) is being redeveloped. Until recently, under Rule 21, the GAA also banned members of the British security forces and members of the RUC from playing Gaelic games, but the advent of the Good Friday Agreement in 1998 led to the eventual removal of the ban.

Nationalism is often evident in the pursuit of sports, or in its reporting: people compete in national teams, or commentators and audiences can adopt a partisan view. On occasion, such tensions can lead to violent confrontation among players or spectators within and beyond the sporting venue (see Football War). These trends are seen by many as contrary to the fundamental ethos of sports being carried on for its own sake and for the enjoyment of its participants.

Professional sports

Professional sports, as opposed to amateur sports, are those in which athletes receive payment for their performance. While men have competed as professional athletes throughout much of modern history, only recently has it become common for women to have the opportunity to become professional athletes. Professional athleticism has come to the fore through a combination of developments. Mass media and increased leisure have brought larger audiences, so that sports organizations or teams can command large incomes. As a result, more sportspeople can afford to make athleticism their primary career, devoting the training time necessary to increase skill, physical condition and experience to modern levels of achievement. This proficiency has also helped boost the popularity of sports.

Most sports played professionally also have amateur players far outnumbering the professionals. Professional athleticism is seen by some as a contradiction of the central ethos of sport, competition performed for its own sake and pure enjoyment, rather than as a means of earning a living. Consequently, many organisations and commentators have resisted the growth of professional athleticism, saying that it has impeded the development of sport. For example, rugby union was for many years a part-time sport engaged in by amateurs, and English cricket has allegedly suffered in quality because of a "non-professional" approach.

Sports

Sports is an activity that is governed by a set of rules or customs and often engaged in competitively. Sports commonly refer to activities where the physical capabilities of the competitor are the sole or primary determiner of the outcome (winning or losing), but the term is also used to include activities such as mind sports (a common name for some card games and board games with little to no element of chance) and motor sports where mental acuity or equipment quality are major factors.